基于二维变分模态分解和自适应中值滤波的图像去噪方法*

图像在采集、获取和传输过程中往往夹杂着噪声,针对几种常用方法去噪效果不理想,提出了一种新的图像去噪方法。此方法通过二维变分模态分解将图像分解为一系列不同中心频率的子模态。保留其低频模态,并对其进行自适应中值滤波处理,从而得到其去噪后的图像。实验结果表明,与其他几种常用的去噪方法相比,本文方法在滤除噪声的同时,又能较好地保留图像的边缘细节,图像也获得较好的视觉效果,此外客观评价参数也得到比较明显的改善,随着噪声强度加大去噪效果愈明显。     

基于作物生长模型和多源数据的融合技术研究进展

精确的区域作物产量估计在社会食品安全生产中起着重要作用。首先讨论了常用的2种区域作物产量估计方法,包括产量监测和产量模拟。其中,作物生长模型能够反映作物的整个生长演变过程,并能最终预报作物产量,因此在区域作物产量预报中起着重要作用,但是由于作物生长模型在输入数据、模型参数和模型结构等方面存在较大的不确定性,导致最终的模拟结果也存在较大的不确定性,尤其是应用到区域尺度时,这种不确定性使得模拟结果同真实的作物产量空间分布图存在较大的不一致性。而产量监测,尤其是利用先进的多源遥感信息,可捕捉真实的区域尺度的地面作物生长信息,但是仅为瞬时信息。因此利用数据融合算法,融合模型和数据的优点,得到更为可靠的区域产量估计结果是十分有意义的。所以在详述了当前主要的作物生长模型的基础上,重点讨论了常用的2种数据融合技术,即优化方法和顺序数据同化方法,以及目前利用这两种方法在作物生长模型中融合观测信息的部分案例。     

Computing interval-valued statistical characteristics: what is the stumbling block for reliability applications?

The application of interval-valued statistical models is often hindered by the rapid growth in imprecision that occurs when intervals are propagated through models. Is this deficiency inherent in the models? If so, what is the underlying cause of imprecision in mathematical terms? What kind of additional information can be incorporated to make the bounds tighter? The present paper gives an account of the source of this imprecision that prevents interval-valued statistical models from being widely applied. Firstly, the mathematical approach to building interval-valued models (discrete and continuous) is delineated. Secondly, a degree of imprecision is demonstrated on some simple reliability models. Thirdly, the root mathematical cause of sizeable imprecision is elucidated and, finally, a method of making the intervals tighter is described. A number of examples are given throughout the paper.     

Fast iterative algorithms for solving the minimization of curvature-related functionals in surface fairing

A number of successful variational models for processing planar images have recently been generalized to three-dimensional (3D) surface processing. With this new dimensionality, the amount of numerical computations to solve the minimization of such new 3D formulations naturally grows up dramatically. Though the need of computationally fast and efficient numerical algorithms able to process high resolution surfaces is high, much less work has been done in this area. Recently, a two-step algorithm for the fast solution of the total curvature model was introduced in Tasdizen, Whitaker, Burchard and Osher [Geometric surface processing via normal maps, ACM Trans. Graph. 22(4) (2003), pp. 1012–1033]. In this paper, we generalize and modify this algorithm to the solution of analogues of the mean curvature model of Droske and Martin Rumpf [A level set formulation for Willmore flow, Interfaces Free Bound. 6(3) (2004), pp. 361–378] and the Gaussian curvature model of Elsey and Esedo?lu [Analogue of the total variation denoising model in the context of geometry processing, Multiscale Model. Simul. 7(4) (2009), pp. 1549–1573]. Numerical experiments are shown to illustrate the good performance of the algorithms and test results.     

An iterative method for suboptimal control of a class of nonlinear time-delayed systems

This work presents an approximate solution method for the infinite-horizon nonlinear time-delay optimal control problem. A variational iteration method (VIM) is applied to design feedforward and feedback optimal controllers. By using the VIM, the original optimal control is transformed into a sequence of nonhomogeneous linear two-point boundary value problems (TPBVPs). The existence and uniqueness of the optimal control law are proved. The optimal control law obtained consists of an accurate linear feedback term and a nonlinear compensation term which is the limit of an adjoint vector sequence. The feedback term is determined by solving Riccati matrix differential equation. By using the finite-step iteration of a nonlinear compensation sequence, we can obtain a suboptimal control law. Simulation results demonstrate the validity and applicability of the VIM.     

The maximum principle for partially observed optimal control problems of mean-field FBSDEs

This paper is concerned with a partially observed optimal control problem described by mean-field forward and backward stochastic differential equations. Moreover, the control variable enters the diffusion coefficient and the control domain is non-convex. Utilising Girsanov's theorem as well as extended Ekeland's variational principle, a maximum principle is established in the form of Pontryagin's type. As an application, a linear-quadratic control problem is studied in terms of the stochastic filtering.     

Assimilation of virtual wide swath altimetry to improve Arctic river modeling

Global surface water variations are still difficult to monitor with current satellite measurements. The future Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission is designed to address this issue. Its main payload will be a wide swath altimeter which will provide maps of water surface elevations between 78°S and 78°N over a 120 km swath. This study aims to combine coupled hydrologic/hydraulic modeling of an Arctic river with virtual SWOT observations using a local ensemble Kalman smoother to characterize river water depth variations. We assumed that modeling errors are only due to uncertainties in atmospheric forcing fields (precipitation and air temperature) and different SWOT orbits were tested. First, we tested orbits that all have a three day repeat period but differ in terms of their spatial coverage of the study reach; these orbits correspond to the first three months of the mission, which will be dedicated to calibration and validation experiments. For these orbits, the mean spatial Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) in modeled channel water depth decreased by between 29% and 79% compared to the modeled RMSE with no assimilation, depending on the spatial coverage. The corresponding mean temporal RMSE decrease was between 54% and 91%. We then tested the nominal orbit with a twenty two day repeat period which will be used during the remaining lifetime of the mission. Unlike the three day repeat orbits, this orbit will observe all continental surfaces (except Antartica and the northern part of Greenland) during one repeat period. The assimilation of SWOT observations computed with this nominal orbit into the hydraulic model leads to a decrease of 59% and 66% in the mean spatial and temporal RMSE in modeled channel water depth, respectively. These results show the huge potential of the future SWOT mission for land surface hydrology, especially at high latitudes which will be very well sampled during one orbit repeat period. Still, further work is needed to reduce current modeling uncertainties and to better characterize SWOT measurement errors.     

用于鲁棒协同推荐的元信息增强变分贝叶斯矩阵分解模型

托攻击是协同过滤推荐系统面临的重大安全威胁. 研究可抵御托攻击的鲁棒协同推荐技术已成为目前的重要课题. 本文在引入用户嫌疑性评估策略的基础上, 通过将用户嫌疑性及项类属等元信息与贝叶斯概率矩阵分解模型相融合, 提出了用于鲁棒协同推荐的元信息增强变分贝叶斯矩阵分解模型(Metadata-enhanced variational Bayesian matrix factorization, MVBMF), 并设计了相应的模型增量学习策略. 实验表明, 与现有推荐模型相比, 这种模型具备更强的攻击耐受力, 能够有效提高推荐系统的鲁棒性.     

Assessing the importance of industry in the adoption and assimilation of IT: Evidence from Italian enterprises

We analysed the role of industry in determining the diffusion and business value created by IT. Data was collected for this purpose by surveying 192 large enterprises in Italy. Our research revealed three findings. First, in the material services and non-hi-tech manufacturing industries, firms had a relatively limited adoption of IT, resulting in little business impact. Second, firms’ IT spending behaviour depended on their industry type and not on their IT capabilities. However their capabilities were more important than industry in explaining why firms achieved benefits from IT adoption that depended on the previous accumulation of IT resources and other capabilities. Third, industry type determined the degree to which IT affected profitability and its effectiveness in helping firms to defend their competitive advantage. Specifically, the slower the adoption of IT in an industry, the greater its impact on the firm's profitability.The implications of these findings for managers and policy-makers are discussed.     

Generalized Euler-Lagrange equations for fractional variational problems with free boundary conditions

In this article we are going to present necessary conditions which must be satisfied to make the fractional variational problems (FVPs) with completely free boundary conditions have an extremum. The fractional derivatives are defined in the Caputo sense. First we present the necessary conditions for the problem with only one dependent variable, and then we generalize them to problems with multiple dependent variables. We also find the transversality conditions for when each end point lies on a given arbitrary curve in the case of a single variable or a surface in the case of multiple variables. It is also shown that in special cases such as those with specified and unspecified boundary conditions and problems with integer order derivatives, the new results reduce to the known necessary conditions. Some examples are presented to demonstrate the applicability of the new formulations.